The Mental Impairment And Unfitness Act - 1285 Words

The 1997 Mental Impairment and Unfitness Act has been effective in helping courts to determine persons to place on supervision. However, the determination of whether the policy’s goals are being accomplished in relatively difficult because a huge number of mentally ill offenders are being downgraded to extended status during custodial supervision orders. Moreover, offenders who have been released into the community’s care have been granted such measures through revocation of supervision orders. In contrast, the Mental Health Act 2000 has helped in determining how an individual should be processed through the criminal justice system or mental health system instead of his/her mental health issues. However, this legislation has several challenges including the likelihood of mentally ill offenders to receive unsuitable sentences because of being processed by a mainstream non-specialized Court (Hunter, n.d.). The offenders are usually punished for offenses they were not criminally responsible or cannot remember involvement in it. Problems in Australia’s Criminal Justice System In essence, it is quite clear that Australia’s criminal justice system has inherent problems in dealing with issues related to mentally ill patients. One of the major problems is likelihood of inappropriate sentences or unsuitable punishment for crimes. This problem is likely to arise from the legal requirement of the offenders to process a mainstream non-specialized Court. Secondly, offenders withShow MoreRelatedThe Element Of Criminal Liability2494 Words   |  10 Pagesdefined as an action or omission that can is constituted as an offence, going against the values of society and is an act which is punishable by law with either a fine, imprisonment or whatever punishment fits the nature of the crime. In this report there will be a discussion on the two element on criminal liability which are as followed Mens Rea (guilty mind) and Actus Reus (guilty act). Different components constitute these elements and are used to make up a crime. However there have been cases wereRead MoreThe Importance Of A Nurse As A Person Who Has Completed A Program2150 Words   |  9 Pagesrevalidation standard or revised code (NMC, 2010). The Code of Conduct: Learning Disability Nurses Roles The code contains the professional standards that registered nurses ( learning disability nurse) and midwives must uphold. UK nurses and midwives must act in line with the code, whether they are providing direct care to individuals, groups or communities or bringing their professional knowledge to bear on nursing and midwifery practice in other roles such as leadership, research or education. EffectiveRead MoreLegal Obligations And Duty Of Confidence With Respect2308 Words   |  10 Pagesinformation received in the course of a health-care relationship. Confidentiality is a patient’s right and is central trust between health professionals and patients. A â€Å"health professional† is defined in the Act and means a person who is registered under a health practitioner registration Act; for example the doctor, physiotherapist, dentist, midwife, or registered nurse1. A health professional also include the person who provides a health service; for example a social worker or dietician. The dutyRead MoreCase Lavern Longsworth V The Queen Judgment 115046 Words   |  61 Pagesevidence in the appeal, pursuant to section 33 of the Court of Appeal Act, Chapter 90. On 3 June 2014, she filed a further application to introduce fresh evidence. Both applications were heard by the Court of Appeal on 10 June 2014 and granted as prayed. The hearing was then adjourned to 21 June 2014 when the court heard submissions on sentencing. [3] On 27 June 2014, the court, pursuant to section 31(2) of the Court of Appeal Act, substituted for the verdict of guilty of murder returned by theRead MoreStudy on Recruitment and Selection Process18240 Words   |  73 Pagesby the companies. Selection procedure employs several methods of collecting information about the candidates qualifications, experience, physical and mental ability, nature and behavior, knowledge, aptitude and the like for judging whether a given applicant is or is not suitable for the job. Therefore, the selection procedure is not a single act but is essentially a series of methods or stages by which different types of information can be secured through various selection techniques. At each step

Reconstruction And Renewal Of Paris Represented The ...

Haussmann s reconstruction and renewal of Paris represented the ‘triumph’ of middle class urban culture and value of open, accessible social spaces and a drastic improvement in the living and sanitary conditions of the city. The middle class was deeply involved in the idea of a large social sphere in order to talk and discuss all aspects of life, and the renewal of Paris with open spaces and large boulevards enabled this sphere. The unsanitary and unlivable conditions of the city previously were completely changed, which demonstrates a triumph for the middle class as they gained a clean and safe environment that separated them from the lower working class. Middle class urban values and cultures are centered around the idea of the social sphere. The social sphere allowed literate men to gain more knowledge and broaden their ideas and worldview through interaction with other men of a similar level of intelligence. This began in coffee houses, which served as a place of gat hering in which people could meet up for conversation and discussion, and also allowed them to give their own knowledge to others, which increased the general intellect level of the bourgeoisie. Having this area and space in order to truly experience the social sphere was a main value of the middle class, and this is reflected in the opening up of Parisian streets and boulevards. Haussmann’s plan to create large, open boulevards lined with trees, public parks, and an easily accessible city directly alignsShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMoser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and OtherRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pageswhich the texts that make up this volume originally appeared: Revue d esthetique, La Linguistique, Cahiers du cinà ©ma, Image et son, and Communications, as well as to the Centre d Étude des Communications de Masse (École Pratique des Hautes Eludes, Paris) which publishes Communications, the Polish Academy of Sciences, which organized the international symposium where one of the papers that constitute Chapter 5 was first read, and the Festival of the New Cinema (Pesaro, Italy), which organized the round-tableRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdifï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis for class discussion and not as an illustration of either good or bad management practice. They are not intended to be a comprehensive collection of teaching material. They have been chosen (or speciï ¬ cally written) to provide readers with a core of cases whichRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesbureaucracy and hierarchy The virtuous bureaucracy Modernist themes in organizational design Modernist bureaucracy as a key challenge to organization design Contingency theory and organization design Organization culture as a key theme in organization theory The modernist tradition in organization culture Conclusions: does modernist organization theory still provide challenges for new visions of the organization? 54 54 56 56 56 58 58 59 60 60 63 66 68 69 70 72 74 75 77 81 83 85 87 87 87 89 92 92 94 Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmaterial for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto

Accounting BHP Billiton and Santos Limited

Question: Discuss about the Accounting BHP Billiton and Santos Limited. Answer: Introduction Conceptual framework has been hailed as a significant tool for reducing discrepancy and bringing higher corporate reporting parity. The conceptual framework is an ambitious project which allows for the basic tenets with regards to accounting norms so as to meet the information needs of investors, suppliers and creditors. Considering that the underlying basis of accounting standards prevalent in the respective nations would be derived from the principles outlined in the framework, it would also encourage accounting standards harmonisation while providing flexibility for meeting localised needs (Melville, 2013). The accounting standards in Australia are dictated by Australian Accounting Standards Board or AASB and since these are based on IFRS, hence the various principles outlines in the conceptual framework are also taken care of (Deegan, 2014). Considering the above, the report aims to opine on the adherence of the AASB standards and the underlying conceptual framework by considering the annual report of BHP Billiton and Santos Limited. Both of these are mining companies based in Australia. Also, the report would focus on the conceptual framework revision to reflect prudence and the underlying implications. Additionally, the disclosure made by the underlying comparison and a comparison of the same is also included. Annual reports compliance For the purpose of this report, the latest available annual report in the public domain has been considered to evaluate whether these adhere to the conceptual framework and compliance. Before moving forward, it is worthwhile to consider AASB standards in relation to significant items in the companies that have been chosen. AASB 116 PPE With relation to recognition, measurement and reporting of plant, property and equipment, the relevant directions are provided by the given accounting standard. As per this, only those assets must be recognised which are likely to bring in future economic benefits and also measurement of cost in a reliable manner is possible. With regards to initial measurement of any PPE, AASB 116 directs that to be carried out at initial cost. However, in relation to measurement at a later stage, measurement may be carried out either using initial cost or revaluation as may be deemed fit by the reporting entity. But, it is imperative that the underlying choice must not be limited to singly assets but should encompass the complete asset class (AASB, 2010a). AASB 102- Inventories The measurement of inventories as per AASB 102 must be carried out using either the FIFO or weighted average method only. Also, inventory having same nature must have same method of measurement. Besides, the valuation of inventory must be made at lower of the cost and the actual value realisable at the given time (AASB, 2015). AASB 136=Asset Impairment The underlying assets valuation does not remain constant. Hence, AASB 136 recommends that infinite life intangible assets along with goodwill must be subject to impairment testing on an annual basis. Besides, other intangible assets and all tangible assets should undergo impairment testing in case of existence of any information that may hint towards the same (AASB, 2010b). AASB 137- Contingent Liabilities It is required that the underlying entities in their annual report must capture potential obligations expected to arise in the future that is expected to be outside their control. Additionally, any potential obligation that has arisen in present but has unreliable measurement would also be reflected in the form of contingent liability (AASB, 2010c). BHP Billiton The adherence of the company with the above accounting standard coupled with conceptual framework principles is discussed below. AASB 116 The relevant accounting policy extract is shown below (BHP Billiton, 2016). The above policy is fully in line with the relevant accounting standard. Considering the business model of the company, exploration costs are significant and decision needs to be made as to what could be classified as PPE. The relevant policy extract for the same confers with AASB 6 as shown below (BHP Billiton, 2016). The policy stated above tends to pay consideration to the definition of asset as is contained in the conceptual framework and only recognises the exploration costs as assets when the certainty of existence of reserves is established AASB 102 The companys accounting policy for inventory is identified below (BHP Billiton, 2016). The above inventory accounting policy confers with AASB 102. Also, the outline in the conceptual framework is also adhered to in the policy. Additionally, the fact that inventory measurement reflects the actual value is in line with the associated characteristics of information to be extended to the relevant users (Deegan, 2014). AASB 136 The accounting policy for asset impairment is as shown below. The above policy tends to adhere to the AASB 136 and also the broader approach outlined in the conceptual framework. Also, the above policy ensures that only relevant, complete and accurate information is passed on for prudent decision making by relevant users (BHP Billiton, 2016). AASB 137 The accounting policy for contingent liability is as shown below (BHP Billiton, 2016). The policy adhered to by BHP adheres to AASB 137 and ensures that that the conceptual framework is complied with both in letter and spirit thus ensuring prudent decision making by the relevant users. From the description of the policy and the underlying business mode, it is apparent that these may assume significant proportion. Besides, various events that could potentially give rise to liability are also captured as significant events in the annual report (BHP Billiton, 2016). From the above, it is apparent that BHP Billiton through its significant accounting policies not only adheres to applicable AASB standards but also the conceptual framework principles. The most significant testimony of this is provided by the detailed information provided by the company in relation to the Samarco Dam failure and the potential liabilities that may arise due to the same in the present and future (ICAEW, 2006). Santos Limited AASB 116- PPE The companys accounting policy for PPE is identified below (Santos Limited 2016). It is apparent from the above that AASB 116 is adhered to by the company not only with regards to the acquired assets but also for the in-house assets under development, The asset definition as reflected in the conceptual framework is also fulfilled (Deegan, 2014). AASB 102- Inventory The companys accounting policy for inventory is identified below (Santos Limited 2016). The above inventory accounting policy confers with AASB 102. Also, the outline in the conceptual framework is also adhered to in the policy. Additionally, the fact that inventory measurement reflects the actual value is in line with the associated characteristics of information to be extended to the relevant users (Deegan, 2014). AASB 136- Asset Impairment The accounting policy for asset impairment is illustrated below (Santos Limited 2016). The above policy tends to adhere to the AASB 136 and also the broader approach outlined in the conceptual framework. Also, the above policy ensures that only relevant, complete and accurate information is passed on for prudent decision making by relevant users (Santos Limited, 2016). AASB 137- Contingent Liabilities The accounting policy for contingency liability is illustrated below (Santos Limited 2016). The above policy clearly indicates that the policy adhere to AASB 137 and also ensures that future potential liabilities outside the entitys control are also listed. The above analysis of certain segments of significant accounting policies is clearly indicative of the fact that relevant AASB standards are adopted by Santos in the preparation of the annual report. Additionally, the basic tenets of the conceptual framework are also built in which reflects that the information available to the users is timely, accurate and enables prudent decision making. Addition of Prudence The conceptual framework as envisaged originally did not endorse prudence due to the underlying conflict it has with neutrality. Prudence as a concept implies that the management while deploying the various accounting policies and judgement should ensure that revenues are not overstated and liabilities are not understated as there is inherent reason for the company to engage in the same thus inflating profits. The application of prudence is limited to transactions where there are uncertain implications and hence management discretion is needed (ACCA, 2014). Even though the concept itself is not new but its addition in conceptual framework has been mired with controversy and intense debate as on the face it seems incompatible with neutrality. Hence, tweaking has been done in this concept and the same has now been modified to cautious prudence (Deegan, 2014). It is quite likely that prudence as a principle could potentially result in diminishing disparities in corporate reporting as it tends to dampen the aggressive judgement deployed by management in their discretion of certain transactions. Prudence brings about more realism in relation to the management judgement and hence enhances the information quality being released in public. Certain stakeholders have been opposing prudence as they believe that it brings about a negative bias in the financial reporting and thus amounting to misleading the users (ICAEW, 2006). The original concept of asymmetric prudence did have this problem to some extent but the revised concept of cautious prudence requires only cautious judgement from the management and does not endorse negative judgement. Thus, application of prudence ensures reduced deviation in corporate reporting and hence is beneficial to the reporting framework as it assists more accurate decision making by investors and creditors. But the actual benefits of the application of this would only come out when implemented in a manner which ensures a fine balance between neutrality and prudence without violation of either (Melville, 2013). Disclosures Comparison A comparison of the disclosures of BHP Billiton and Santos is as highlighted below (BHP Billiton, 2016; Santos Limited, 2016). In relation to the segmental reporting, detailed information has been offered by both the companies for the various mining assets that these own in the various geographies along with the respective financial results of the same which is highly relevant for the investors. Through the remuneration report, adequate disclosures have been made with regards to the underlying compensation derived by members of the senior management and the respective principles responsible for the awarded remuneration. A significant component of disclosures is the directors report which provides valuable information to the users regarding not only operational and financial performance during the year under review but presents significant takeaways for the future which can be deployed for prudent investment decision making. Based on the financial reports presented, is seems that BHP Billiton tends to more transparent in highlighting more detailed information particularly through notes on management judgment and contingency liabilities. Even though, the management judgement notes to some extent are present for Santos also, but apparently, they are not as frequent and exhaustive as that of BHP Billiton. Conclusion: Based on the above, it is apparent that the current regime in place for reporting of information to relevant users through the application of AASB standards and conceptual framework seem adequate and is also adhered to by the companies chosen for the task. Further, going ahead it is likely that with the addition of prudence, the information reporting may improve further especially for mining companies as there is significant management discretion involved in reporting of various assets and their reserves which has a material effect on the companys valuation. Further, with regards to the underlying disclosures being made by the respective companies, there are not any major differences, but still the overall reporting and detailing for BHP Billiton is comparatively more detailed which to an extent may be linked to the underlying difference in size of operations of the two companies. References AASB (2010a), Property, Plant and Equipment, Australian Accounting Standards Board, [Online] Available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB116_07-04_ERDRjun10_07-09.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2016) AASB (2010b), Impairment of Assets, Australian Accounting Standards Board, [Online] Available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB136_07-04_ERDRjun10_07-09.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2016) AASB (2010c), Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets, Australian Accounting Standards Board, [Online] Available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB137_07-04_COMPoct10_01-11.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2016) AASB (2015), Inventories, Australian Accounting Standards Board, [Online] Available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/AASB102_07-15.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2016) ACCA (2014), Prudence IFRS, Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, [Online] Available at https://www.accaglobal.com/content/dam/acca/global/PDF-technical/financial-reporting/tech-tp-prudence.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2016) BHP Billiton (2016), Annual Report FY 2016, BHP Billiton Website, [Online] Available at https://www.bhpbilliton.com/~/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual-reports/2016/bhpbillitonannualreport2016.pdf?utm_source=Websiteutm_medium=Organicutm_term=ARDownloadutm_campaign=AR2016 (Accessed December 14, 2016) Deegan, C.M. (2014), Financial Accounting Theory, 4th ed., Sydney: McGraw-Hill Education Australia ICAEW (2006), MEASUREMENT IN FINANCIAL REPORTING, The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, [Online] Available at https://www.icaew.com/-/media/corporate/files/technical/financial-reporting/information-for-better-markets/ifbm/measurement-in-financial-reporting.ashx (Accessed December 14, 2016) Melville, A. (2013), International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 3rd ed., London: Pearson Education Limited Santos Limited 2016, Annual Report 2015, Santos Website, [Online] Available at https://www.santos.com/media/3310/2015_annual_report.pdf (Accessed December 14, 2016)

Why All The Hatred Essay Example For Students

Why All The Hatred? Essay ENGL 1301.02122 October 2002There are many things that affect the way that Americans live today. Racism, discrimination, and prejudice are extensive in our Americanculture. Although racism and discrimination are not accepted as they werein the 1940s through the 1960s, these things still exist in our societyand are still being used socially today. Racism is a belief that race isthe primary determinant of human traits and capacities, and those racialdifferences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. Inaddition to racism, Americans also tend to be ethnocentric. Americans tendto believe that their race is superior to any others and tend to judgeother racial backgrounds from the perspective of their own ethnicity. Onthe other hand, multiculturalism can be a possible solution to problemslike ethnocentrism and racism. We will write a custom essay on Why All The Hatred? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Cultural minorities experience racism as a part of their everydaylife. They are treated differently and discriminated against as if theyare not American. They experience verbal abuse and slander from people ofmajorities. Racism and discrimination go hand in hand, as racism leads todiscrimination. Discrimination is the treatment given based on the class,race, religion etc. of a person. Even if racism and discrimination are notlegal anymore, they still havent been eliminated from todays society. For example, a few decades ago blacks werent allowed to go to the sameschool as whites, they had to sit in the back of the bus and were nottreated as equals. Minorities were not allowed to go to the same school asothers. These are some instances of the ways that the governmentdiscriminated against blacks. Racism in those days was exploited tosuch an extent that only whites were treated in a respectable manner. TheItalians, Irish, and Jews were also victims of racism and discrimination tosome extent. Thus, so much racism is unhealthy for a nations progress asit creates tension in a society and a nation, and keeps us from maintainingunity, keeping peace and helping each other. Ethnocentrism is the belief that ones culture is superior to that ofothers thus judging other cultures as substandard compared to their own. Americans tend to cocoon themselves with their own culture so that no otherculture can penetrate it and open their eyes to a new dimension. Thismakes them less accepting of others and their culture and ethnicity. Narrow mindedness on our side could create confusion, misunderstanding, andthus leading to conflicts in the future. If one could look at othercultures from a different perspective and a broad standpoint there would bemore understanding amongst us as a nation. Multiculturalism is the solution and the bright side to be focusedon. If all the negative aspects like racism and ethnocentrism were to beoverlooked, adding the best of other cultures can enrich American culture. American culture is so diverse and consists of so many cultures andethnicities all over the world. Multiculturalism is bound to eliminateracism and making one more accepting of others and their culture. Thiswould welcome more immigrants, which not only contributes to culturalenrichment but also technological progress. Learning about other culturesand accepting them is bound to broaden our horizons and makes us more open-minded. Thus, for the reasons mentioned above multiculturalism can helpeliminate racism and ethnocentrism. There is an evident need for Americans to come out of their shells,look at the bigger picture, and cease being judgmental. This couldadvocate many positive beliefs in future and getrid of the negative tenets like racism and ethnocentricity. Therefore,multiculturalism should be promoted which with any luck will eventuallyabolish all the cultural negativity in America. .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 , .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .postImageUrl , .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 , .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:hover , .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:visited , .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:active { border:0!important; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:active , .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9 .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc4e33de03269bd7b7541a98d1e119ad9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Life EssayAlongside, Americans shouldnt judge people by their skin color orreligion but accept them for whom they are, and what background they comefrom. They should not be so judgmental in the way that they think and seepeople. Everyone in America is an American, and should be recognized assuch. Nobody should be excluded from or looked upon as being differentbecause of their background or ethnicity. America is supposed to be TheLand of the Free, if Americans continue to discriminate against people ofdifferent ethnicities, then America is not what it is said to be. Americans should embrace all cultures, races, and ethnicities. This wouldmake America a better place for all people.

Free Essays on Why Winston Is A Critical Thinker

he wrote in his small diary, a diary which could get Winston in lots of trouble with the Thought Police. But to Winston expressing ... Free Essays on Why Winston Is A Critical Thinker Free Essays on Why Winston Is A Critical Thinker Being a critical thinker isn’t easy. It’s a skill that has to be acquired over time and practice. Being a critical thinker means that you don’t only look at the facts but you look at an idea from every possible angle, while formulating your own thoughts and meanings. The character of Winston from George Orwell’s 1984 is a perfect example of a critical thinker. Winston is able to think critically about Big Brother, because he is able to formulate his own ideas on what is right and wrong about the parties’ policies. Winston’s ideas formulated through thinking critically cause him to revolt against the parties’ suppression of sex, truth and free deliberation. Although Winston’s actions lead to his torture, it is safe to say that his critical thinking brings him real life because he is able to think outside the bubble and become an individual. Orwell in relation to Winston was also a critical thinker. In fact, Orwell used the cha racter of Winston to express his own critical views on government, and to influence his audience to become critical thinkers At the start of 1984, the reader learns that Winston the protagonist is living in a harsh and oppressive world, a world were everyone has been brain-washed to think as Big Brother wants them to think, and not as individuals. From the start of the book Winston shows that he doesn’t conform to how the government wants him to act. He is a critical thinker because he doesn’t think like everyone else. All the other citizens just accept that there are telescreens spitting out propaganda and watching their every move, or that Big Brother controls and monitors all actions of their lives. Winston doesn’t conform his ideas like Big Brother wants him to, instead Winston thinks of rebellion and freedom. â€Å"Down with Big Brother,† were the words he wrote in his small diary, a diary which could get Winston in lots of trouble with the Thought Police. But to Winston expressing ...

Report on International Business Machines Corp (IBM) Case Study

Report on International Business Machines Corp (IBM) - Case Study Example Firstly, there was the disruptive change on the organization’s culture as a result of the telecommuting. Secondly, there was the problem with the initial technological support. The first issue has been identified by several authors as being a key stumbling for managing successful change efforts (Beer, Eisenstat, & Spector, 1990; Heracleous & Langham, 1996; Johnson, 1992; Kotter, 2007). All these authors’ viewpoints are looked at within the report. On the other hand, this report does not find the second issue of problems with technological support to be major because while an organization is implementing change one anticipates a state of flux during which systems and technologies have to experience instabilities. Johnson (1992) defined the cultural paradigm as the core set of beliefs and assumptions, held relatively commonly by management and employees, that are specific and relevant to that given organization and that are learned over time. Telecommuting changed the way of doing things at IBM for example some managers lost prestigious privileges such as private offices with private secretaries and team members became physically dispersed which made inter-team communication much harder. The first issue, the negative impact of telecommuting on IBM-Indiana’s cultural paradigm is analyzed using Johnson (1992) cultural web approach. The second issue is largely a technological issue that has to arise as the organization transitions from one stable organizational system to another. Organizational culture and managing change According to Johnson (1992) culture plays a big role in the development of strategy, the management of the resulting strategic change and also on the choices made by an organization’s leadership that lead up to both strategic development and change. In this case telecommuting presents a major strategic change for IBM-Indiana. The culture web is a tool proposed by Johnson (1992) as a suitable device for conducti ng an organization’s culture audit. According to Heracleous and Langham (1996) the cultural web allows managers to conceptualize the organization either within an interpretive frame of reference (what the organization is) or as a variable in a functionalist frame of reference (something an organization has). The culture web comprises of seven elements: paradigm, rituals and routines, organizational structure, power structures, control systems, symbolic aspects and stories as shown in Figure 1 below. Almost all the cultural web elements were greatly affected by the introduction to telecommuting. With telecommuting employees had to contend with new rituals and routines for example maintaining accurate and up to date schedule of activities on the computer to enable scheduling of meetings and teleconferences. Formalized control systems that monitor and therefore emphasize what is important at IBM, in order to focus attention and activity also had to be changed to reflect the ne w arrangement of partly off-site and on-site office arrangements. Managers who had private offices and private secretaries lost these huge symbolic aspects of being managers at IBM and the loss of group-work setting diminished opportunities for social contact and casual communication that

A critique of leadership and team management style in the light of Vip Essay

A critique of leadership and team management style in the light of Vip model and other current theories - Essay Example Few decades back, dynamics of a household were rigidly defined as father entrusted with the role of a bread winner, and the mother assigned to be the housekeeper. It was, most assuredly, regarded a woman’s duty to ensure that her husband and children were well taken care of. However, the shifting social, economical, and financial conditions, along with the increasing cost of living, has vastly evolved the thinking process, and has resulted, in many families, both parents working for livelihood. In addition, the deteriorating family structure, increasing poverty, and decreasing sense of security, has also resulted in children, from an early age, suffering from confidence and self-esteem issues. The severity of this situation can be realized from the fact that between years 2004 and 2008, eight hundred new children centers were inaugurated in UK and thirty percent of them were opened in extremely disadvantaged communities (Siraj-Blatchford and Manni 2007).This highlights the sig nificant role played by the nurseries and other early year’s centers in the support and growth of their respective communities. If a center succeeds in providing a safe, secure, and a neutral learning environment to its children, it not only provides peace of mind to parents, but most importantly leaves an indelible mark on children’s lives, and molds them to become better individuals. As the beginning proverb hints, taking proper care of a child requires a collective effort, which can only be possible with appropriate leadership and guidance. Therefore, to run a successful early year’s center, a manager is required to have certain specific attributes. My interview was based on three themes, which were Vision, Implementation/Operational, and People Manager/Team Management Skills of the managing practitioner. These themes were based on the â€Å"VIP Model,† which was proposed by Mark Hollingworth (2003, p. 34). According to Hollingworth, a true leader is i n fact a ‘VIP,’ which stands for ‘Visionary, Implementer, and a People Manager’. These three primary leadership traits, in the light of other theories as well, will be mostly explored in this portfolio. Various other themes, such as handling parent-staff interactions, curriculum setting, goals of the center, etc. were also considered, but after careful consideration, it was deduced that Hollingworth’s three categories encompasses majority of the themes. For example, parent-staff meetings is a part of ‘people manager’ category, curriculum setting falls in the ‘implementation’, and goal setting is definitely an element of the ‘vision.’ As shown in Appendix A, The format adopted for the interview was semi-structured, consisting of mostly open ended questions. The justification of using this format was to get a deep insight into the mind of interviewee, and to judge his leadership style according to VIP model and ot her contemporary management theories. In addition, the interview was designed and conducted with the intention of â€Å"establishment of rapport, identification of follow-up questions, and avoidance of leading questions’ (Partington 2001, p. 4). The conversation was carried out with utmost neutrality, empathy, and without any judgmental and sarcastic connotations. On the whole, the interview was primarily structured to find out if Mr. John Smith, our interviewee, has characteristics of becoming a VIP. It should be noted that, due to confidentiality, the real names of our interviewee and care center are not revealed in this report. The significance of having a ‘